ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La planta de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) es una especie nativa de arándano de Colombia y su fruto es una baya globosa con propiedades nutraceúticas, debido a su excelente fuente de antioxidantes, utilizado como ingrediente para la preparación de alimentos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades físico químicas del fruto, almacenado durante 12 días, a 2°C y 90% de HR. Se evaluaron frutos en dos estados de madurez: rompimiento de color, estado inmaduro (asociado al color rojo) y completamente pigmentado (100% pigmentación morado), los frutos fueron puestos en bolsas hechas de polietileno biorientado y polipropileno monoorientado. Los resultados muestran que los frutos inmaduros preservaron los sólidos solubles totales, cuando se mantuvieron en polipropileno monoorientado, mientras los sólidos solubles totales, se incrementaron significativamente en los frutos maduros almacenados en polipropileno monorientado, afectando el metabolismo del fruto y las reservas de carbohidratos. El pH disminuyó en todos los tratamientos; entre los 6 y 12DDT, coincidiendo, a su vez, con el aumento de la acidez total titulable durante el mismo periodo.
ABSTRACT 'Agraz' (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a native blueberry from Colombia, being the fruit a globose berry, with nutraceutic quality due to an excellent source of antioxidants and is used as an ingredient for food preparation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-chemical properties of fruits stored during 12 days, at a temperature of 2°C and a relative humidity of 90%. Fruits with two stages of ripeness, color break, an immature state (associated with red color), and fully pigmented (100% purple pigmentation) were stored, packaged in two different plastics recipients, one bioriented polyethylene and the other mono-oriented polypropylene. The results indicate that immature fruits demonstrated a prolonged preservation of the total soluble solids, when combined with the mono-oriented polypropylene packaging, otherwise TSS were significantly increased in mature fruits, packaged in mono-oriented polypropylene, affecting fruit metabolism and carbohydrate reserve. The pH diceased in all treatments, between 6 to 12 days after treatment, coinciding in turn, with the increase in total titratable acidity during the same period.
ABSTRACT
The need to develop and use biotechnology tools to improve management and nutritional techniques in strawberry cultivation are increasing. Based on this, the objective of this study was to test if the mycorrhizal inoculation changes the agronomic and qualitative performance of strawberry fruits. The strawberry daughters plants used were of the cultivar Camarosa. The study was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse, Horticulture Sector of the Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV) of UPF, in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The experiment was developed and maintained from June to December 2015. The treatments consisted of five inoculum: T1 = no inoculum (control); T2 = Acaulospora morrowiae; T3 = Rhizophagus clarus; T4 = mycorrhizal community; T5 = Claroideoglomus etunicatum. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates. Each plot consisted of a bag containing 6 plants spaced 0.15 mx 0.15 m. In the pits of the plants, it was applied, with the aid of syringe and water, about 70 infective propagules of the tested inocula. During the conduction of the experiment the temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were monitored in the culture environment. It was evaluated the agronomic and qualitative performance of the fruits and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization of the plants roots. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the differences between means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability error. The cultivar Camarosa produced more fruits in October. In September, the month before the one with the best agronomic performance, the mean temperature was 17.7 ºC. The mean PAR recorded in the growing environment was low in relation to crop requirements, throughout the growing period. Fruits produced by plants inoculated with A. morrowiae presented higher values of TSS/TTA ratio in September and October. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization varied from 26.2% for A. morrowiae to 46.2% for R. clarus. The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi does not alter the production of strawberry fruits. However, when the plants are inoculated with A. morrowiae there is an improvement in the fruit flavor.
A necessidade de desenvolver e usar ferramentas biotecnológicas para melhorar o manejo e as técnicas nutricionais no cultivo do morangueiro está aumentando. Com base nisso, o objetivo desse estudo foi testar se a inoculação micorrízica altera o desempenho agronômico e qualitativo de frutos de morangueiro. As mudas de morangueiro usadas foram da cultivar Camarosa. O estudo foi realizado em estufa agrícola, no Setor de Horticultura da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAMV) da UPF, na cidade de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. O experimento foi desenvolvido e mantido de junho a dezembro de 2015. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco inóculos: T1 = sem inóculo (controle); T2 = Acaulospora morrowiae; T3 = Rhizophagus clarus; T4 = comunidade micorrízica; T5 = Claroideoglomus etunicatum. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada parcela consistiu de um saco contendo 6 plantas espaçadas de 0.15 mx 0.15 m. Na cova de plantio das plantas, foi aplicado, com auxílio de seringa e água, cerca de 70 propágulos infectivos dos inóculos testados. Durante a condução do experimento, a temperatura e a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR) foram monitoradas no ambiente de cultivo. Foi avaliado o desempenho agronômico e qualitativo dos frutos e a porcentagem de colonização micorrízica das raízes das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de erro de probabilidade de erro. A cultivar Camarosa produziu mais frutos em outubro. Em setembro, no mês anterior ao de melhor desempenho agronômico, a temperatura média foi de 17.7ºC. A PAR média registrada no ambiente de cultivo foi baixa em relação às necessidades da cultura durante todo o período de cultivo. Frutos produzidos por plantas inoculadas com A. morrowiae apresentaram maiores valores da relação SST/ATT em setembro e outubro. A porcentagem de colonização micorrízica variou de 26.2% para A. morrowiae a 46.2% para R. clarus. A inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares não altera a produção de frutos de morangueiro. No entanto, quando as plantas são inoculadas com A. morrowiae, há uma melhora no sabor dos frutos.
Subject(s)
Fragaria , FungiABSTRACT
Peptic ulcer disease is a common condition of present day life, and its incidence is markedly increasing. The available drugs for the treatment are associated with adverse effects. Hence, there is a need for newer and better treatment for the same. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Vitis Vinifera (seed) by Water Immersion stress induced gastric ulcer model in Wistar albino rats using two doses (100, 200mg/kg body weight.) Methods: The antiulcer activity was assessed by estimating gastric volume, pH, free and total acidity; ulcer number and its inhibition, gastric lesion, ulcer severity and ulcer index; and comparing it with the control groups. Results: The present study revealed that grape seed extract of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the gastric volume, ulcer number, gastric lesion and severity. The ulcer index was 45.33 and 36.66 for 100 and 200mg/kg respectively. Ulcer inhibition for 100 and 200 mg/kg group was 32.79% and 44.86% when compared with the control group. Ulcer protection with 100 and 200mg/kg was 29.21% and 39.82% when compared with the control group. Conclusion: This present study indicates that Vitis vinifera seed extract have potential anti-ulcer activity in the model tested.
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Introduction: Glycine max L. with Drakshasava, widely used by traditional healers as a formulation for the treatment of peptic ulcer in rural northern Karnataka in India, appears to be effective as assessed by patients and in our previously published research work of traditionally used formulation. Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and effi cacy of the overnight water soaked G. max grains. This is one of the components of traditional formulation. The study, approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee was carried out in male Wistar rats after assessing its toxicity in mice. Materials and Methods: Four groups of rats (n = 6 in each group) were treated with aspirin 200 mg/kg oral. In addition to aspirin control group received normal saline, standard group received 20 mg/kg omeprazole and 3rd and 4th group received G. max 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. All treatments were administered orally every 24 h for 7 days. After 24 hours fasting, on the 8th day stomach contents were aspirated under anesthesia to estimate free and total acidity. Stomachs were opened along the greater curvature to calculate ulcer index and subjected to histopathology studies. Statistics: The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed-by Dunnett’s post hoc test. P ≤0.05 was considered as signifi cant. Results: The severity of aspirin induced ulceration was found signifi cantly (P < 0.05) decreased in test groups compared with the control group. Free and total acidity was signifi cantly reduced in 500 mg/kg treated group, compared with the control group and was inferior to omeprazole treated group. Conclusion: The grain of G. max was found to be effective against aspirin induced ulcers.
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Conduziu- se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade do suco de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) com diferentes pontos de colheita e, após o completo amadurecimento em câmara de armazenamento, visando à comercialização in natura ou a industrialização. Foram determinados os teores de acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e não-redutores e o valor de pH. As médias foram comparadas quanto ao intervalo de confiança com 5 por cento de significância e 10 por cento de desvio em torno da média amostral de população infinita. Os resultados mostraram que o ponto adequado para a colheita dos maracujás-amarelos da safra de inverno foi identificado quando pelo menos 30,7 por cento da superfície da casca estavam amareladas. Nesse ponto, eles apresentaram características químicas adequadas para o consumo in natura ou para sustentar o processo fisiológico de amadurecimento do fruto durante o armazenamento.
This work had as an objective to evaluate the quality of yellow passion fruit juice (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Degener) in different harvest points and after complete ripening in a storage chamber, intended for natural consumption or sales of derived products. We determined the levels of titratable acidity, ascorbic acidy, soluble solids, reducer and non-reducer sugars and pH value. The averages were compared regarding confidence intervals with a 5 percent significance and 10 percent deviation around the sampling average of infinite population. The results showed that an adequate harvest point of the yellow passion fruits from the winter season was identified when at least 30.7 percent of the peel surface was yellowish. At this point they presented appropriated chemical characteristics for consumption in natura or to support the physiological ripening process during storage.